As a US defeat in Afghanistan began to look certain, both countries made common cause on Afghanistan, again to India’s dismay.In 2011, to New Delhi’s shock, Russia lifted its four-decade-old arms embargo on Pakistan - and within four years, would sell Pakistan its first MiG attack helicopters.The killing of Osama bin Laden in a stealth raid by US marines in Pakistan’s Abbottabad became the turning point.By then, serious rifts had emerged between the Obama Administration and Pakistan.Putin’s Russia began looking for new markets for its military hardware, as well as new international partners, began building ties with Pakistan.From their vantage points, Pakistan and Russia watched the US and post-economic-reforms India draw closer. Fall of USSR: The collapse of the Soviet Union led to major shifts in international relations.Afghan War: Pakistan saw itself as a frontline state against the spread of communism, and actively aided and assisted in the defeat of the Red Army in the first Afghan war, with the US and Saudi Arabia using the Pak Army.Paving way for India: In response, India and USSR solidified their ties with a defense pact and increased economic and people-to-people exchanges.It had helped the US repair its relations with China, which sent Beijing and Moscow further apart. Cold war era: Pakistan’s relations with Russia have come a long way since the time it was a willing ally and treaty partner of the US bloc against the Soviet Union.The two countries take the lead in projecting the Taliban as the rightful claimants to power in Kabul.Their mutual partnership with China that has grown in recent years signals the undeniable development of a new axis in South Asia and Central Asia.Pakistan has also granted Russia access to a warm water port in the Arabian Sea (Gwadar Port).Pakistan and Russia signed an agreement for the Pakistan Stream Gas pipeline from Karachi to Kasur, and reached a price accord by December 2016.The two countries carried out their first-ever joint military drills in 2016 despite Indian requests to postpone due to the Uri attack.In recent years their ties have warmed as a countermeasure to warming ties between India and the United States.Pakistan is credited for playing a key role for allying and supporting the West during this time period of the Cold War.For most of the Cold War, the Soviet Union’s relations with Pakistan have seen ups and downs during the different periods in the history of Pakistan.The Soviet Union and Pakistan first established diplomatic and bilateral relations on.Pakistan–Russia Relations: A backgrounder The two-day visit to Moscow by Pakistan’s PM Imran Khan comes at a time when President Vladimir Putin is the bad boy of the world for his actions against Ukraine. Mains level : Russia-Pakistan affinity and its impact on India “The report we have delivered to Congress describes, in detail, our comprehensive plan for ensuring a smooth transition to commercial destinations after retirement of the International Space Station in 2030.From UPSC perspective, the following things are important : We look forward to sharing our lessons learned and operations experience with the private sector to help them develop safe, reliable, and cost-effective destinations in space,” Phil McAlister, director of commercial space at NASA Headquarters, said in a press release. “The private sector is technically and financially capable of developing and operating commercial low-Earth orbit destinations, with NASA’s assistance. NASA can then redirect those funds to other programs. And save the agency a lot of money-an estimated $1.3 billion in 2031 and up to $1.8 billion by 2033. Notably, the report cites the private sector for its ability to take over low-Earth orbit (LEO) enterprises. It also stated plans for the International Space Station’s retirement. In the 24-page document, the agency laid out the station’s goals and objectives for the next several years. This news comes just after NASA sent a detailed report on the station and its future to congress. (They were previously set to expire in 2024.) But NASA’s making it clear that this is-officially-the end for the ISS. This news comes about a month after the Biden-Harris administration extended the station’s operations through 2030. This week, NASA announced its plans for the space station, which will sign off after 30 years in low-Earth orbit (via Gizmodo). NASA plans to send the International Space Station into the ocean in 2031.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |